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Case Scenario: Big Time Toymaker Essay

1. When, if at any point, did the gatherings have an agreement? Our course book characterizes an agreement as â€Å"a guarantee or a lot of guarantees enforceable by law† (). An agreement doesn't really must be recorded as a hard copy. An agreement can be oral and enforceable. Big Time Toymaker and Chou partook in an oral agreement. Big Time Toy Maker and Chou held a gathering where an oral appropriation understanding was reached. Likewise, Big Time Toy sent an email to Chou affirming the understanding. 2. What realities may say something favor of or against Chou as far as the parties’ target purpose to contract? The realities that may say something favor of Chow are the selective arrangement rights for a 90-day duration, the oral understanding that was reached at the gathering and the email he got from Big Time Toy. The realities against Chou would be that there will never be a real composed understanding drafted by Chou. Furthermore, the selective exchange rights understanding specified that no circulation contract existed except if it was recorded as a hard copy. At long last, no composed understanding was turned in inside the first 90-day time frame specified in the selective arrangement right understanding. 3. Does the way that the gatherings were imparting by email have any effect on your investigation in Questions 1 and 2 (above)? Truly, in light of the fact that the email speaks to the affirmation by the two gatherings of the dispersion understanding made in the gathering notwithstanding the email neglecting to make reference to the word â€Å"contract.† furthermore, the headline of the email read â€Å"Strat Deal† and it clarified in detail the value, time allotments, and commitments. Likewise, when Big Time Toy sent a fax to Chow mentioning the draft of the agreement, he faxed it to them right away. 4. What job does the resolution of fakes play in this agreement? â€Å"The rule of extortion is the law administering which agreements must be in writingâ in request to be enforceable† (Melvin, 2010). The job of extortion applies to this situation. The rule of cheats alludes to the prerequisite that particular sorts of agreements be memorialized in a marked composition with adequate substance to prove the agreement. Customarily, the resolution of fakes requires a marked writing in the accompanying conditions. A litigant in a resolution of fakes case who wishes to utilize the Statute as a barrier must raise it in a convenient way. The weight of demonstrating that a composed agreement exists possibly becomes an integral factor when a Statute of Frauds resistance is raised by the respondent. A respondent who concedes the presence of the agreement in his pleadings, having sworn to tell the truth in a testimony or oath, or at preliminary, may not utilize the safeguard under the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), anyway under custom-based law they m ay even now utilize it.

Managing Social Anxiety Disorder at Work

Managing Social Anxiety Disorder at Work Social Anxiety Disorder Work and School Print Managing Social Anxiety Disorder at Work Social Anxiety Disorder Can Be a Real Issue in the Workplace By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on January 18, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Thomas Barwick/Stone/Getty Images Managing social anxiety disorder (SAD) at work involves recognizing the day-to-day impact of the disorder on your career and identifying solutions. Receiving a diagnosis and entering treatment is the first step toward managing your anxiety symptoms. Telling your employer may also help in that you may receive accommodations to help you better do your job. At the same time, people with SAD may face  specific problems in the workplace, including the inability to network effectively, fear of attending business social events, problems developing relationships with coworkers, lack of self-confidence, and difficulty speaking up in meetings. Bernardo Carducci, Ph.D., a psychology professor at Indiana University, head of the Shyness Research Institute, and author of Shyness: A Bold New Approach and The Pocket Guide to Making Successful Small Talk, argues that when shyness is properly managed, there is no limit to the achievement of shy people in the business world. Carducci points to the success of notably shy Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, one of the world’s richest and most successful people, and also a shy person. While shyness is not the same as social anxiety disorder, ideas to help shy people adapt to the business world may also be useful for managing social anxiety in the workplaceâ€"particularly if you struggle with social skills. If you are in a competitive workplace and feel that your anxiety is interfering with your career advancement, or if you simply want to feel more comfortable in the workplace, it is worth investing  time in developing a comfort level with the social aspects of your work. Lets consider a number of these areas and how you might cope. Looking for Work If you are new to the workforce or looking for work after a long period of unemployment or time spent in the same job, the prospect of going on job interviews may be intimidating. Although job interviews can be more challenging for those with social anxiety disorder, proper preparation and use of coping strategies can help. For example, you could have a friend conduct a mock interview with you so that you get practice answering questions or engage in deep breathing to calm yourself about the entire process. Tips to Cope With Job Interview Anxiety Job Duties Some aspects of work itself can be challenging for those with social anxiety. For example, if you are in sales, you might find yourself needing to engage in  cold calling clients. You may need to give presentations or speeches as part of your role. It can feel doubly difficult to manage your anxiety when excellent social skills or the ability to perform under pressure are part of your job. However, if you choose a job that suits your interests and personalityâ€"anxiety is an issue that can be worked on. Social skills training (or even reading self-help books about social skills) or groups such as Toastmasters (for public speaking) might be good options to boost your performance at work. Coworkers Networking is an important part of being successful in your career. If you aren’t able to build relationships with the people that you work with, it will be much more difficult to advance at work. In addition, since you spend most of your waking hours at work, wouldn’t you like to have friends there? To become more comfortable with coworkers, constantly strive to expand your comfort zone. Engage in small talk with people whom you see throughout the day, such as in the lunchroom, in the elevator, or at the water cooler. Greet people with general comments or compliments and start brief conversations. Gradually, other people will see that you are the kind of person who is approachable and with whom conversation is easy. Its less important that you say the right thing, and more important that you just keep showing up and being present. People are generally more comfortable around others the more times that they see them. Spotlight Effect: Not Everyone Is Looking at You Speaking to Supervisors Speaking to your supervisor can be challenging if you live with social anxiety disorder. You might agonize over the smallest contact, such as needing to ask a question about your work or clarifying an issue. Unfortunately, avoiding your supervisor in this way can affect your job performance. If you find casually speaking with your supervisor anxiety provoking, see if you can make an appointment. Practice what you are going to say in advance so you have your ideas clear in your head (dont over-practice as this is a safety behavior and counter-productive). If you still find this hard, try communicating in a less threatening way, such as through e-mail. Or, always prepare a list of points when you go into a meeting. Your anxiety will be reduced because you can focus on your notes and you will also come across as more prepared. Finally, gradually work up to asking harder questions. Make a list of things you need to talk to your supervisor about, and then start with the one that feels least anxiety-provoking, such as asking for clarification on some aspect of your work. From there, you can work your way up to harder topics, such as asking for a raise or a promotion. Business Meetings If you feel uncomfortable in meetings, try arriving 10 to 15 minutes early so that you can meet people as they arrive. This is the opposite of what you probably  do now; you likely tend to show up late so that you don’t have to engage in small talk with others in the meeting. However, this will actually make you feel more isolated. During meetings, remember that others also may feel uncomfortable about speaking up. Likely about half the people in your meeting are also nervous about voicing their opinion. Usually, they will be relieved if you are the first to speak and will admire you for doing so. Finally, if you find your anxiety overwhelmingly uncomfortable during meetings, try examining the thoughts that you have while in a meeting. If you usually think, I am terrible in meetings. I always make a fool of myself, ask yourself whether that thought is helpful and realistic. Could you replace it with a more helpful thought? Try something like I am trying hard to do better in meetings or I think most people are okay with how I come across. Even if it feels uncomfortable at first, over time these positive affirmations will help to build your confidence. Tips for Coping With Anxiety in Work Meetings Business Social Functions Depending on your place of employment, there may a variety  of social functions that you are expected to attend: the company picnic, annual holiday party, retirement gatherings, business conferences, or business lunches. Make sure you have something to talk about on these occasions. Read the newspaper, visit an online news source, or read current magazines. In addition, avoid using alcohol to overcome your inhibitions. Often staying in a situation long enough will have the same effect on reducing your inhibitions as drinking alcohol. The next time you are at a social event, have flavored water instead and notice how your anxiety level decreases over time even when you are not drinking alcohol. A Word From Verywell If you continue to struggle with social anxiety at work, consider visiting a therapist who specializes in anxiety disorders. Social anxiety disorder is a mental illness that requires professional intervention for a full recovery.

The Threat Of The United States - 966 Words

We walk amongst each other weaving in and out of eachother’s lives. To our disadvantage, we all wear a distinct expiration date plastered upon our face. As a society, we struggle day to day fighting a battle in which we know the outcome of. To our dismay, time is not the enemy but our very own DNA is the true culprit. Today, we come together as a community to fight for our right at the longest life available. The aisles at our local pharmacies are packed full of rows and rows of anti-aging products that our consumer based culture is haunted by. Over the past century, the search to extend life has blown through the roof. We’ve become so preoccupied with the fear of death that society has tackled great lengths to combat the cycle of life. Much confusion has risen as to where the line falls in regards to what is appropriate and what is unethical. Recent findings have begun to emerge which are attracting light to the many flourishing possibilities that our science and technological advances offers. Numerous attempts are being made in the hopes of finding an answer to the problem of the millennium. The concept of cloning has caught scientists attention throughout this past century. The world has to come to grips that the cloning technology is almost here,† a representative for a European research group, Panos Zavos. Clones are life forms that have identical genetic coding. A clone is an organisms replica. Originating in the late 1880’s; the first record of synthetic embryoShow MoreRelatedThe Threat Of The United States844 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States While not geographically located in the South East Asian region, the US in recent years has implemented a policy referred to as the Asian Pivot. The Asian Pivot is the increase of the US military within the region with the intention to curb the regional monopoly of the Chinese and to offer a quicker response for their South East Asian allies. This balance of power means that the US has an invested interest in the security of the regions. As a key member of the Nuclear ProliferationRead MoreThe Threat Of The United States1213 Words   |  5 Pages A threat is looming over the United States like the dense fog of an early fall morning. It promises total chaos that will leave the population in the dark. Imagine everything that uses electricity, which Americans take for granted, just stopped working. Lights, cell phones, running water, all of these are gone in the blink of an eye. This threat has the potential to bring the United States to a grinding halt with little to no casualtie s, at first. An EMP attack would cripple the United StatesRead MoreThe Threat Of The United States854 Words   |  4 Pagescontrol further. This of great concern to the United States government as ISIL is a direct threat to our interests in the region and to the homeland. They have killed three Americans this year with the possibility of publicly killing the other American hostages they hold. These killings are a direct attack on the United States and cannot be ignored. In addition, there are Americans in their ranks that heighten the threat ISIS poses to the United States. With access to US passports and the abilityRead MoreThe Threat Of The United States1062 Words   |  5 Pages When we hear the word terrorists, we only think of the people trying to destroy the United States. The U.S is used to being admired as being a great country, and when they send troops into other countries and attack them, they expect them not to fight back. However, on September 11, 2001 there was a series of attacks against the United States that left the country in fear. The country was in utter shock and disbelief as they watched four airlines hijacked by suicide bombers take down the World TradeRead MoreThe Dangers Of Threats To The United States1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States has many great threats to their security. There are people everyday who would do anything to make sure the US can no longer be the biggest world power. The United States is currently battling some pretty serious threats to their security such as: ISIS, cyber threats, climate change, and nuclear security within other states. Globalization has hugely impacted America’s position in the worl d because of our democracy being the world’s leading superpower and our MNC’s contributing greatlyRead MoreThe Threat Of The United States Army865 Words   |  4 PagesWhile the United States Army is dedicated to promoting peace, stability and security throughout the world, there are challenges that are necessary to address. Russia, North Korea, China, Iran, the rising of non state actors in the Middle East, and future strategic campaigns all present issues that face the Army. Coupled with budget sequestration, these challenges are amplified. Russia is the largest threat facing the United States [25]. The threat from Russia specifically comes from not only theirRead MoreThe United States And The Threat Of Communism1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States and the Threat of Communism Over the course of the history of the United States of America, there have been numerous threats from various international countries. And with these numerous threats come different responses from the United States. Such as the French and the British during the 1790s, the U.S. government created the Alien and Sedition Acts The U.S. also had conflict with the British over the territory of Oregon,which ended in the creation Oregon Treaty. Later duringRead MoreThe United States Face Challenges And Threats1361 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States face many challenges and threats. The 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review identifies six challenges that pose the most strategically significant risk to the United States over the next five years. These challenges include the terrorist threat, cyber threats, biological concerns, nuclear terrorism, transnational criminal organizations, and natural hazards (Department of Homeland Security, 2014). Of these six challenges, the terrorism t hreat seems to create the biggest fearRead MoreEssay on United States Threat Analysis2382 Words   |  10 PagesAbu Sayyaf is still a big threat to the United States, it has roughly 200-500 members based out of the southern Philippines. Here in the United States the FBI is still tracking 3 of the main organizers of the Abu Sayyaf organization and the organization has made comments that have stated they want to fight the United States and it is strongly believed that given the opportunity although they are a small organization they will in fact take a huge leap at harming American citizens by means of bombingRead MoreForeign Threats And Its Effects On The United States1787 Words   |  8 Pagesmigrations into the United States, citizens developed concern from the fluctuations between economic depression and prosperity and if the nation could afford absorbing than many people (Schaller, Schulzinger, Selfa, Greenwood, Kirk, Purcell, Dean p. 619) Migrations haven’t stopped in the 21st century and today more than ever there is increasing foreign threats because of the negative sentiment many countries have towards US policy. From this ever changing world with higher threat levels what has homeland

Female Pirates - 2921 Words

Female Pirates Kristina A. Paxton (Shaarda) Excelsior College Women have been held to have particular power over the sea. There is an ancient superstition that women are not good for ships. The contradiction between woman as sea power and woman as a sea jinx is hard to understand. Women pirates however rarely brought bad luck to a ship, they were actually very good luck, and their loss to a ship often brought an end to that ships sailing days. The women that sailed the seas came from all walks of life; there were royals such as Queen Teuta of Illyria who sailed in the 200’s B.C., as well as the Irish seafaring clanswoman, Grace O’Malley, who was practically royalty in that culture in the 1500’s. There were also illegitimate daughters†¦show more content†¦After some time sailing she also served as a soldier in both infantry and cavalry units, very often proving braver and more courageous than her fellow soldiers. While serving as a soldier she fell in love with one of her comrades, and found a way to let him know s he was a woman, and shortly thereafter they married. After they were married, Mary and her new husband left the service and set up a restaurant where their former comrades could come and eat. However, not long after they opened the restaurant Mary’s husband died and the war ended, leaving Mary with no spouse, and no income since the soldiers no longer came to eat at the restaurant. She gave up her restaurant and went back into sailing. Eventually the ship she was on sailed to the West Indies where it was captured by pirates, whom she eventually joined. Initially Mary Read had no intentions of becoming a pirate as it was something â€Å"she always abhor’d† (Defoe, 1999, p. 146), and she was not planning on staying on that ship. Her intentions to leave the ship changed when she fell in love with another pirate. Her new love had run into trouble with a much larger pirate than him, fearing the worst for her love, she picked a fight with the same pirate and schedule d him to a duel, killing him two hours before her lover was to fight him. Mary’s life as a pirate came to an end in 1720, when the ship she and her crewmates were captured andShow MoreRelatedGoblin Market and Bloody Chamber1213 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Nicole Broeke Professor C. Brady English 201 4 December 2014 Female Heroism In both Goblin Market and â€Å"The Bloody Chamber†, women face objectification as pornographic objects whose solitary purpose is to be a man’s appealing possession. Evidently, the objectification of women impacted the way each author constructed their texts. Feminist movements aiming to undermine these rigid female and male roles are prominent in the time period of both literary works. Both Christina Rossetti and Angela CarterRead MoreAnalysis of The Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Poster783 Words   |  4 Pages Design Analysis Essay BCM 110 In this essay I am going to analyse the movie poster for the film ‘Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl’ . This film was released in 2003 directed by Gore Verbinski and it was a huge Box-Office hit and had great reviews . It also made Johnny Depp the superstar he is now and it stars other actors such as Orlando Bloom and Keira Knightley . The genre of the film is an action adventure film with lots of other elements in it . Read MoreA Brief Biography of Keira Knightley1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe movie was very strong, especially among young female athletes. The film earned a respectable $32.5 million in America. Much of its success was due to the chemistry between Knightley and Nagra, whose believable friendship was at the center of this coming-of-age story. Bend it like Beckham was a big hit, but nothing like what was to come next. Keira beat out 75 other young actresses for the part of Elizabeth Swann in the Disney movie Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl. SheRead MoreThe Origins Of The Gothic Culture1558 Words   |  7 Pagesfashion always being recycles by looking at pirates’ clothing. Gothic fashion can be inspired from different sources like pirates. Pirates were outlaws because of they robbed other ships of their treasures. This made the idea of the pirate’s style of clothing appealing to Goth culture because they want to disconnect from society’s social norms just like the pirates did. In medieval times, pirates typically wore loose shirts that had long sleeves. Pirate style of shirts wornby the Goth culture usesRead MoreYay for Feminism in the 1700s!1265 Words   |  6 PagesAnne Bonny and Mary Read are the two most famous women pirates. Though there were many other female pirates, they arent quite as well known. Each of their stories should be first told s eperatly, in order to efficiently understand their story. Anne Bonny was born illegitimately to a lawyer named William Cormac and the maid under his employ, Mary Brennen somewhere near Cork, Ireland and sometime between 1697 and 1700. When their affair became public he, his mistress, and his new daughterRead MoreGender Roles Peter Pan1247 Words   |  5 PagesGender Roles in Peter Pan J. M. Barrie’s Peter Pan tells the story of â€Å"the boy who never grew up.† Barrie paints Peter as an extraordinary character living in a mystical world called Neverland, flying through the air, and fighting villainous pirates. He is also the boy who takes a young girl named Wendy from England back to Neverland with him. The interaction and interdependence of Barrie’s two characters, Peter and Wendy, symbolize and spread cultural gender stereotypes by mirroring the stereotypesRead MorePeter Pan Reflection1097 Words   |  5 PagesDisney in 1953. It’s about a boy, who goes to see Wendy Darling and her brothers, John and Michael, bringing them to Neverland. They go on many of adventures such as seeing â€Å"The Lost Boys, mermaids, meeting Native American tribes, and a group of pirates lead by Captain Hook. I selected this movie because it is my favorite childhood movie, despite my knowledge of its many faults. It is my favorite movie because I relate t o the kids who never want to grow up; I wish I never had to grow up and couldRead MoreDifferent Times, Different Ideals1267 Words   |  6 Pagesmother-like figure and a harlot. Throughout the novel, all the female characters must either be parental or crave the companionship of a male character, which often results in jealousy. Wendy and Tinker, being the two main female characters of the story, represent these two different types of women acceptable in the Victorian Era. Wendy, who is a mother-like figure to the Lost Boys and a female accomplice for Peter, seems to be the only female character in the novel that is a â€Å"fitting† women of the timeRead MoreThe Impact Of Nazi Policy On The Young People1242 Words   |  5 Pageswere independent groups who were against the Nazi party’s affairs with young people. Illegal youth groups include the Najavo Gang, Kittelbach Pirates, Swing Movement and the Edelweiss Pirates. These groups opposed Nationalist Socialist views and defied the youth movement. The Edelweiss Pirates emerged circa 1930’s and the gang consisted of male and female teenagers of ages 12 to 18 in the work-force and received good pay. They often provoked and beat up members of the Hitler Youth. After receivingRead MoreJohnny Depp: A Truely Unique Actor1341 Words   |  6 Pagesnot have soul, Johnny Depp is truly a one-of-a-kind actor. With a spectrum of characters Depp has played, ranging from Edward Scissorhands in the movie Edward Scissorhands (1990), to playing his role in 21 Jump Street (1987), up until the recent Pirates of the Caribbean (2003), he is involved in roles that â€Å"only the likes of Depp can pull off† (â€Å"Johnny Depp†, 1). Although coming from rebellious teenage years and many â€Å"ups and downs of his personal life† (â€Å"Johnny Depp Biography†, 2), the actor has

Tutankhamun’s Tomb, Egypt Free Essays

Ancient History Preliminary Assessment Task 2013 TRANSCRIPT: TUTANKHAMUN’S TOMB, EGYPT When archaeologist Howard Carter discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, he remarked that it was â€Å"the day of days, the most wonderful that I have ever lived through, and certainly one whose like I can never hope to see again. † On that November day, not only had this man uncovered an unknown ancient Egyptian tomb, but one that had lain nearly undisturbed for over 3000 years whose remains laying within astounded the world. Previous excavations in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt by Theodore Davis had found and cleared the tombs of Tutankhamun’s family and their possessions. We will write a custom essay sample on Tutankhamun’s Tomb, Egypt or any similar topic only for you Order Now By 1913, Davis had not yet found an intact royal tomb and became disillusioned, finally declaring the area exhausted of By 1920, the tomb of nearly every New Kingdom king from between 1550 and 1070 BCE had been found in the Valley of the Kings, but Tutankhamun’s remained missing. Lord Carnarvon, an English aristocrat who was enthusiastic about Egyptology, applied for and purchased the license Davis gave up and chose Howard Carter, a British Egyptologist, to continue the search. Minor finds by Davis bearing Tutankhamun’s name led Carter to believe the king was still somewhere in the valley and felt the finds justified a further exploration. Between 1917 and 1921 the two worked in the eastern valley without success. Carter convinced Carnarvon to persist for another season, determined to find Tutankhamun. Carter’s team cleared bedrock using the grid system of archaeological excavation. This technique was developed in WWI for the purpose of maintaining a system that ensured stratigraphic control of excavations in trench digging and artillery barrages. Using these methods, on November 1st 1922 a staircase was uncovered in the limestone cliffs of the Valley of the Kings. The entrance door, which had a dry limestone blocking plastered with gypsum, was later uncovered to reveal Tutankhamun’s name. The entrance they excavated then led to an eight-metre-long corridor that revealed evidence of past robberies. Four small rooms flowed from the entrance and corridor, including an Antechamber, Annexe, Burial Chamber and Treasury. On November 6, Lord Carnarvon was summoned by telegraph and arrived with his daughter, Lady Evelyn Herbert, to watch the excavation process unfold. Compared to tombs of other pharaohs of the time, Tutankhamun’s tomb was small and lacked some of the more elaborate features – for example, tomb paintings and decoration were only found in the Burial Chamber room rather than all rooms. Due to Tutankhamun’s early death, a lack of time was left to prepare his tomb. One of the most remarkable divisions of Tutankhamun’s tomb was that he was the only pharaoh to have been discovered intact in his tomb with the complete burial furniture and possessions surrounding. These objects included gilded statues of Tutankhamun, gods, and family members,. Objects from the king’s daily life were also present such as clothes, furniture and sceptres. Funerary goods such as canopic jars containing the king’s entrails and hundreds of shabtis (which were small statues of people, intended to serve as slaves in the afterlife) were found, along with more personal items. Two miniature coffins containing mummies of stillborn babies were placed beside Tutankhamun’s sarcophagus. These were likely to have been his children by his half-sister and wife, Ankhsenamun, whom he married around the age of ten. It took Carter the most part of ten years to empty all the chambers. This was due to difficulties from a sudden change in protocol and access privileges from both British and Egyptian governments, affecting the excavation on the site and delaying the whole process. It was also due to the meticulous process Carter took in his excavation – each object was recorded, catalogued, described, and photographed in situ, before being preserved and conserved, then finally packed and transported to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The main archaeological find of the tomb however, was King Tutankhamun himself. Inside the burial chamber were four gilded shrines, one inside the other. The innermost shrine held a quartzite sarcophagus which in turn held three coffins. The innermost coffin made of solid gold contained the mummy of Tutankhamun, wrapped in linen and wearing his famous gold plated mask, inlaid with blue glaze and inscribed with religious spells. Although the body was found to be poorly preserved, Tutankhamun was notable for being the only Egyptian pharaoh found in situ, intact and unsealed since ancient times in his tomb. In 1925 the body was removed from the coffins with difficulty, due to the abundance of resin that had been poured over the mummy at the funeral. Carter and his team were forced to cut the body in order to remove it from the coffin. Four sessions of scientific analysis were conducted on Tutankhamun’s body over the years. These proved to ablaze many controversial issues and interpretations over Tutankhamun’s cause of death. The first inquiry was an autopsy which began after Carter’s excavation in 1925, carried out by Douglas E. Derry, a Professor of Anatomy at the Egyptian University in Cairo. Derry found Tutankhamun to have a fracture in his lower left thighbone, a large, ragged embalming wound, and estimated his age of death to be between 18 and 22 years. He also reconfirmed the body’s poor preservation, noting that the inner layers of linen were reduced to the ‘consistency of soot’, that an overload of resin destroyed the corpse, and that the nose was heavily flattened by the bandages. The second scientific analysis of the body was conducted by R. G. Harrison in 1968. With an x-ray the team concluded that two bone fragments in the skull and haemorrhaging may have been caused by a blow to the head, and that the body was missing a sternum and some frontal rib bones. This caused speculations about Tutankhamun’s death, some suggesting murder and others suggesting a fatal chariot accident. Examiners also noted that the spine showed signs of scoliosis. A further x-ray and blood analysis in 1978 was led by James E. Harris. It wrongly concluded that the king was perhaps 23 to 27 years old at death. A blood analysis supported the idea that Tutankhamun was related to the body of Akhenaten found in another tomb in the Valley of the Kings – suggesting it was Tutankhamun’s father. A final CT scan in 2005 was conducted to test the conclusions of previous inquiries and to look for additional details still undiscovered. Led by Dr Zahi Hawass, the scan confirmed the previous findings of the king’s height, health, general features and age of death at around 18-19 years. It also disproved the theory of scoliosis, relating the curvature of his spine instead the way his body was arranged by the embalmers. 8MINSThe theory of murder by head trauma and death relating to the missing ribs was also ruled out and blamed on embalmers and/or Carter’s team, The leg trauma found in Tutankhamun’s lower left femur may have introduced infection which may have been fatal. This theory however remains unproven. Facial reconstruction of King Tutankhamun was also commenced using the new CT scan data in 2005. A forensic anthropologist calculated sizes of tissue on his face. A cast was then made of the skull from this data which was used to build a latex model. When the CT scan data and skull cast was given to another forensic team for checking, the skin colour proved to be somewhat controversial in interpretation. Controversies occurred as it is impossible to determine skin colour accurately. This is because there is a large variation on skin tones in the area, and not enough accurate information available as Ancient Egyptian art depicted bodies in unrealistic colours. Thus, no consensus on the King’s skin tone was reached, however the overall results between the different reconstructions was similar. At the time of discovery, very little was known about this ancient pharaoh. Thanks to the efforts put into many investigations over the years and, in particular, the 1923 ‘Curse of King Tut’ phenomena that was spread through media following the untimely death of Lord Carnarvon, knowledge and interest of Tutankhamun has skyrocketed. Tutankhamun’s legacy remains to this day and he continues to stand across the globe as one of the most well-known Egyptian pharaohs in history. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Carter, H. , Mace, A. C. , The Tomb of Tut-Ankh-Amen: Discovered by the Late Earl of Carnarvon and Howard Carter, Volume 1 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1923), 94. [ 2 ]. N. Reeves, The Complete Tutankhamun, Thames Hudson, 1990, pp. 116-17 How to cite Tutankhamun’s Tomb, Egypt, Papers

The Scarlet Letter Theme Analysis free essay sample

The Scarlet Letter, a novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a novel that takes place in the town of Boston, Massachusetts in 1642. Hester Prynne, the main character of the story, commits the sin of adultery. Because of this sin, she is blessed with a child named Pearl. Her punishment is to wear a scarlet letter â€Å"A on her chest for the rest of her life, which affects the way the townspeople look and act around her. Also, she must stand on the scaffold in the town for three hours for the whole town to recognize her grave sins. The man who should be standing upon the scaffold along with her and Pearl is the town minister, Dimmesdale. He is presented as a weak character because of his fear of losing his beloved reputation as such a holy man. The townspeople do not know who Hester’s husband is, but the reader eventually finds out that Hester’s husband is Roger Chillingworth. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter Theme Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His quest throughout the novel is to take revenge on Dimmesdale. Many characters, including Pearl, Mistress Hibbins, Chillingworth, and Dimmesdale, are all characters who are associated with evil and the Black Man. Many of the same characters also struggle with their identity within their Puritan society. Because of the main sin of adultery, several themes emerge in the novel; the three major themes that are demonstrated in the lives of the main characters are the positive and negative effects of sin, the nature of evil, and identity issues in society. To begin with, the main sin of adultery brings about the theme of the positive and negative effects of sin. Although, the cause of these effects comes from the same sin of adultery, each character is affected differently. Firstly, Hester becomes a stronger person because of her sin. Obviously, in this case, Hester’s sin affects her positively. The law sentences her to wear a scarlet letter â€Å"A† on her chest for the rest of her life. The initial intention of this scarlet letter is to make the townspeople almost gag every time they see her, but because of Hester’s strength, courage, and pride, she reverses these intentions and by the end of the novel, the scarlet A on her chest represents â€Å"able†. Even the town minister, Dimmesdale knows she is strong. He says, â€Å"Think for me, Hester! Thou art strong. Resolve for me! † (Hawthorne 172). Hester proves that she can still stand for what she believes in without being so rebellious. â€Å"She has managed to show—before the whole assembled population—that it is possible, even for a relatively powerless woman, to stand her ground without pushing her defiance too far† (Evans â€Å"Civil Disobedience†). Even though her society has ruined her reputation, she handles it a mature way. Differently, Dimmesdale is portrayed as a weak character. He is aware of Hester’s strength and believes her strength is what keeps him alive. From the early stages of the novel, the reader soon finds out that Dimmesdale has also committed adultery. His sin has negative effects on him and makes him physically weak and delusional from the very beginning. The author notes, â€Å"About this period, however, the health of Mr. Dimmesdale had evidently begun to fail† (Hawthorne 103). The townspeople see these physical changes in Dimmesdale’s character but they believe it is a result from Dimmesdale’s long hours working on his sermons. They do not know however that, â€Å"In Mr. Dimmesdale’s secret closet, under lock and key, there was a bloody scourge† (Hawthorne 125). The townspeople are completely oblivious to the suffering Dimmesdale is putting on himself. Furthermore, Pearl, Hester’s daughter, is also affected by Hester’s sin in negative ways, considering she is shunned among her peers. â€Å"Pearl was a born outcast of the infantile world† (Hawthorne 79). When the children in town are playing after church or school, Pearl is the one to just watch them while holding her mother’s hand. The children know that there is something different about Pearl from their parents, so they choose to stay away. Lastly, Chillingworth is affected by sin negatively because he becomes an evil and vindictive person. He dedicates his life to revenge. Because of his pure evil, he is even seen as the Black Man. Hester questions, â€Å"Art thou like the Black Man that haunts the forest round about us? † (Hawthorne 65). In the long run, the main sin of adultery effects the main characters in different positive and negative ways. Furthermore, the sin of adultery allows the theme of the nature of evil to emerge throughout the novel. The characters in the novel often associate the Black Man with different people. Generally speaking, the Black Man or the Devil, is the main expression of evil. This Black Man is associated with different characters including Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, Mistress Hibbins, Pearl, and even Hester. Firstly, Pearl associates the Black Man to Dimmesdale. She asks, â€Å"And, mother, he has his hand over his heart! Is It because, when the minister wrote his name in the book, the Black Man set his mark in that place? † (Hawthorne 164). Pearl, for such a young age, notices how strange and suspicious Dimmesdale acts and senses the evil within him. Furthermore, instead of direct associations with the Black Man, Chillingworth goes through physical changes that can be compared to the characteristics of the Black Man. By the end of the novel, he has become an uglier, darker, and more crooked version of his former self from seven years back. His actions can also be compared to those of the Black Man, where his actions are meant to spread evil. â€Å"The fact that he is so intelligent also makes him all the more responsible for the sinful path he chooses to pursue and thus all the more spiritually self-destructive† (Evans â€Å"The Complexities†). As an educated man, Chillingworth chooses to dedicate his life to revenge which in turn hurts his well-being physically and emotionally. Moreover, Mistress Hibbins is a character who openly admits to her associations with the Black Man. She states, â€Å"There will be a merry company in the forest; and I wellnigh promised the Black Man that comely Hester Prynne should make one† (Hawthorne 99). She invites Hester to come with her into the forest to see the Black Man, which confirms her interaction with the Black Man. She is known as the town witch and many of the townspeople associate her with the Devil. On the other hand, Pearl does not choose to be identified with the Devil, but she is born into it. She is seen as a product of sin and evil. She is associated with witchcraft, which has its traces back to the Black Man. Mr. Wilson declares, â€Å"The little baggage hath witchcraft in her, I profess† (Hawthorne 99). Even Mr. Wilson sees evil in the innocent little Pearl. Finally, Hester, or more so, the scarlet letter, is associated with the Black Man. In the beginning of the novel, as Hester is entering the prison, the narrator says, â€Å"It was whispered, by those who peered after her, that the scarlet letter threw a lurid gleam along the dark passage-way of the interior† (Hawthorne 58). This red glow is often interpreted as a mark of the Black Man. Throughout the novel, there is also a confusion about where, in general, evil comes from. There is no evil in Hester and Dimmesdale’s affair, instead, it is found in Chillingworth’s vindictive plan for revenge and Dimmesdale’s weakness. The love that both men are have, is changed by the end of the novel. Chillingworth’s â€Å"love† for Hester is turned into a plot for revenge. Likewise, Pearl, for her young age, is almost correct when she suspects Dimmesdale is the Black Man. Because of his fear of losing his â€Å"holy† reputation, Dimmesdale has lost the love he should have for his own child. His love for his reputation over his own child can be interpreted as evil. All things considered, the nature of evil begins with the Black Man and sin. Again, the main sin of adultery brings out the theme of identity issues within the Puritan society. Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth are all characters who struggle with their identities in the harsh Puritan societies. The intention of Hester’s punishment with the scarlet letter is meant to change how the townspeople see Hester. Chillingworth tells Hester that â€Å"It was debated whether or no, with safety to the commonweal, yonder scarlet letter might be taken off your bosom† (Hawthorne 147). She responds with distress saying the mark of the scarlet letter on her heart can never be removed. She does not want the townspeople to see her as a weak person who is ashamed of who she is. Hester wants to find who she really is and her identity instead of leaving it all up to the people surrounding her. Hester accepts the fact that her sin did happen and that it is a part of her past. If she spent her life hiding the fact that she committed adultery, she would be hiding a part of herself. The townspeople, like many other societies, have a difficult time looking past the scarlet letter and seeing Hester for who she really is. But, eventually, they do realize how able she is. The author notes,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"They said that it meant Able; so strong was Hester Prynne, with a woman’s strength† (Hawthorne 141). They are a group of stereotypical people, similar to people in today’s society. Such stereotypes may explain the ironic fact that the Puritan community ultimately fails to recognize her unrepentant attitude; they, not Hester, eventually begin ascribing new meanings like ‘Able’ to the scarlet badge that was meant to brand Hester as an adulteress† (â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† 355). Hester, therefore, has little trouble proving to the townspeople how much of a strong person she is, but she achieves her goal and stays true to herself. Differently, Dimmesdale has a tough time proving not only to Hester and Pearl, but to himself, who he really is as a person. Because he is the town minister, he is not just an average human being to the other Puritans. He is a symbol of holiness and an example of the right way to live life. Although these people think all of Dimmesdale’s spectacular sermons and actions reflect his holiness, they are misinterpreting several things. The narrator states, â€Å"In their eyes, the very ground on which he trod was sanctified† (Hawthorne 124). His inspirational sermons are a result of his own mistakes. His weakening physical character is not from long nights of writing sermons, but from the agony his sins bring him. Dimmesdale, unlike Hester, has a very hard time accepting who he is as a person. He doesn’t realize that strength and one’s identity come from accepting what one has done wrong. Dimmesdale, from cherishing his reputation too much, has an identity crisis among his society. â€Å"He cannot surrender an identity which brings him the adulation of his parishioners, the respect and praise of his peers† (Martin 115). In contrast, Chillingworth does not try to accept who he is like Hester and Dimmesdale. In the beginning, Hawthorne reveals that Chillingworth changes his name from Roger Prynne, to Roger Chillingworth. He doesn’t accept the fact that his wife cheated on him. He doesn’t accept who he really is. Although Chillingworth deals with it differently than Hester and Dimmesdale, all three characters face problems with their identity within their communities. In conclusion, Hawthorne makes a point that sin can bring about the good and the bad of people. Sin can have positive or negative effects on a person, it can be associated with the Devil, and can cause identity issues. Similarly to today’s society, the Scarlet Letter shows that sin makes an impact on everyone’s lives. When someone lies to a friend or a parent, they can become paranoid. Or they can see themselves as a bad person. Even though this book took place many years ago, the way humanity acts and thinks hasn’t changed. Almost all people experience the negative and positive effects of their sins. Although many people aren’t seen as evil, there are people who are considered very cruel. Maybe not all the time, but identity issues in today’s society can be traced back to sin. Even though adultery does happen often in this society nowadays, it isn’t the only sin that has the same effects that are   portrayed in The Scarlet Letter. Without these effects, people would not be able to learn their lesson. Maybe these effects of sin, although they may seem tough to get through, are what humanity needs, especially in a society like this one. Nowadays, people are so judgmental and are complete perfectionists. Everyone needs to be that or everyone needs to wear this. With life’s hard obstacles, people become stronger and learn that sin is bad, but at the same time, nobody’s perfect and together, everyone has a chance to become a stronger person through their sins, similarly to the way Hester Prynne handled herself in The Scarlet Letter.